Detecting single and paired outliers in replicate signals of calibration standards can be useful. Please find below a link for the spreadsheet.

 

Outliers are identified by cell colours. The test’s confidence level can be selected in W column.

Single outliers should be removed first. Do not remove more data than reasonable.

Link for the spreadsheet: Grubbs_Outliers_Test.xlsx (30 kB)

References:

1. R. J. N. B. Silva, Spreadsheet for designing valid least-squares calibrations: A tutorial, Talanta 148 (2016) 177-190 (DOI 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.10.072).

2. F.E. Grubbs, G. Beck, Extension of sample size and percentage points for significance tests of outlying observations, Technometrics 14 (1972) 847-854.

3. P.C. Kelly, Outlier detection in collaborative studies, J. Assoc. Anal. Chem. 73 (1990) 58-64.